Arc transmission system



May 12, 1925. 1,537,609

J. V. L. HOGAN ARC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Filed May 19, 1922 FP/tr. L?

Aw Z0 Bub/er Z! INVENTOR Z ZZZ 02/1/11. L. Hogan. /M% I ATTORNEY May 12,15925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

JOHN V. L. HOGAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y'., ASSIGNOR T WESTENGHOUSE ELECTRIC82; MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

ARC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.

Application filed May 19, 1922'.

To all 107mm it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN V. L- HOGAN, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State ofNew York, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Arc TransmissionSystems, of which the following is a specification.

lily invention relates to wireless telegraphy and particularly towireless trans mission systems.

An important object of my invention is to provide a wirelesstransmission system embodying a non-sinusoidal generator and havingmeans for utilizing not only the energy of the fundamental but also thatof one or more harmonics.

its is well known, certain types of generators, such, for example, asare oscillators, are extremely inefficient when operating' on short wavelengths.

According to my invention, I provide means for utilizing such. energy asis emcbodied in the harmonics of non-sinusoidal generators and for socombining the same with that of. the fundamental frequency as to apply,to a radiating circuit, the full power of the several frequencies.

The desired result may be accomplished by employing one harmonic as thesignai 'rrequency and so modifying the frequencies and phases of thefundamental and of the remaining harmonics, if any, as to correspond tothe signal frequency.

Other objects and applications ofmy invention, as well as details ofconstruction and oieration whereby my invention may he practised, willbe apparent from. the following description and claims when taken inconnection with the accompanying; drawing. wherein Figure 1 is adiagran'unatic view of circuits and apparatus embodying my invention:

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modification. 7

In F 1 an are 1 is shown as energized from a direct-current generator 2through cholze coils The are 1 may be maintained in anoscillatory'condition by means of an osciilatory circuit 4 which isshunted therearound and which includes inductance coils 5 and 6 and acondenser 7 for determining the fundamental oscillation frequency of theare 1.

Serial No. 562,072.

A radiating or work circuit 8, the period of which is adjusted toresonate with the second harmonic of the are 1, comprises an antenna 9,a tuning inductance coil 11, a coupling coil 12, which is operativelyassociated with the inductance coil 5 of the oscillatory circuit 41, acoupling coil l3 and a ground conductor 14:.

A frequency doubler 15, of well known form, having an input circuit 16and an output circuit 17, serves to connect the tundra mentaloscillatory circuit 1 to the antenna circuit 8. The input circuit 16 ofthe frequency doubler comprises a condenser-18 and a coupling coil 19,the latter being operatively associated with the coupling coil 6 of thefundamental oscillatory circuit 4-. The output circuit 17 comprises acondenser, 20 and a coupling coil 21, the latter being operativelyassociated with the coupling coil 13 of the antenna circuit.

A variable resistor 22 may be included in the input circuits 16 of thefrequency multipliers 15 and 29 to provide for the adjust-- ment of therelative phase relations of the currents directly impressed upon theantenna'system and those impressed thereon indirectly through thefrequency multipliers. j I

The. system shown in Fig. 2 is distinguished from that ofFig. 1 inthat'the' source 1 of high-frequency oscillations has been. replaced byahiglr-frequency alternator 23, wherein one ofthe harmonics, say thethird, is strongly predominant. A fur.- ther modification consists inthe provision of a plurality of circuits 24 and 25 which are energizedtherefrom and which may be. tuned to the fundamental frequency and'tothe third harmonic, respectively, by means of coupling coils 26 and 27and condensers 28 and29. The tuned circuit 25, which is resonant to thethird harmonic and the antenna circuit 8, which is also resonant to saidharmonic, are operatively associated by coupling coils 27 and-12. Thetuned circuit 21, which is resonant tothe fundamental generatorfrequency, is operatively associated with the antenna circuit through afrequency tripler 29, in the manner indicated in Fig. 1, Other elementscommon to the two figures are primed in Fig. 2, where triple-frequencycircuits are employed.

In operation, the arc 1 generates a nonsinusoidal current having astrong second through ever, the energy of the fundamental frequency, inorder to be absorbed by the antenna circuit, is caused to pass throughthe frequency-doubler system 15 and is then impressed upon the antennacircuit. Thus, the energies of the two frequencies are combined inarsingle frequency in the antenna circuit.

The broad application of my invention to other non-sinusoidal generatorsthan the arc is illustrated in Fig. 2 employing a radio frequencyalternator in which the third harmonic predominates. The operation ofthis system is otherwise as indicated for that of Fig. 1.

While I have shown means for utilizing the energy of a single harmoniconly, it is apparent that the energy of a plurality of harmonics may beutilized by employing a suitable arrangement of frequency multi pliers.

While I have shown only two embodiments of my invention for the purposeof describing the same and illustrating its principles, it is apparentthat various changes and modifications may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of my invention. I desire,therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as areimposed by the prior art or are specifically set forth in the appendedclaims.

I claim as my invention:

1. The method of increasing the output of a non-sinusoidal generatorwhich consists in multiplying the frequency of the main wave and feedingthe multiplied frequency substantially in phase with a harmonic of theoutput of said generator. 7

2. The method of increasing the output of a source of non-sinusoidalcurrents resolvable into a plurality of sinusoidal currents of differentfrequencies in Fouriers series which consists in deriving energy from aplurality of such sinusoidal currents and converting the frequenciesofsaid currents in such manner that all of the same feed a common Workcircuit at the same frequency.

3. The method of increasing the output of an arc oscillation generatorwhich consists in doubling the frequency of the fundamental and causingthe resulting currents to assist the second harmonic in supplying acommon load.

4. The method of energizing a high-frequency circuit which consists ingenerating currents at a plurality of frequencies, translating certainof said generated currents into currents of a frequency like that ofcertain other of said currents and supplying currents at the commonfrequency to said high-freque1icy circuit.

5. The combination with a source generate ing currents of differentfrequencies, of frequency-transforming means fed by one of saidgenerated currents and converting the same into secondary currentshaving the frequency of another of said generated currents, and a commonload circuit upon which both currents of said common frequency areimpressed.

6. The combination with a source generating fundamental and harmoniccurrents, of frequency-transfo-rming means fed by one of said generatedcurrents and converting the same into secondary currents having thefrequency of the other of said generated currents, a common load circuitupon which both currents of said common frequency and means foradjusting the relative phase relations of said currents of commonfrequency are impressed.

7 The combination with a source of nonsinusoidal currents resolvableinto a plurality of sinusoidal currents of different frequencies inFouriers series, of means for deriving energy from a plurality of suchsinusoidal currents and converting the fre quencies of said currents insuch'manner that all of the same feed a common Work circuit at the samefrequency.

8. The combination with an arc oscillation generator, of anenergy-translating device having its input tuned to the fundamental ofsaid generator and energized therefrom, said device delivering energy ata frequency equal to a harmonic of said generator and a work circuittuned tOi said harmonic and energized from both said generator and saiddevice.

9. The combination with an arc oscillation generator providing currentsof differ ent frequencies including a secondary harmonic, of a workcircuit coupled thereto and carrying currents corresponding to thesecond harmonic, and a translating device absorbing currents of anotherfrequency from said are generator and supplying currents having thefrequency of the second harmonic to assist said currents in the workcircuit.

10. In a high-frequency electrical system, the combination with arelatively low-frequency source of non-sinusoidal currents, of I a workcircuit deriving currents therefrom at a relatively high frequency,frequencymultiplying means for converting currents of lower frequencyfrom said source into currents having the frequency of said workvcircuit currents means for impressing said converted currents on thework-circuit and means for adjusting the phase relations of the currentssupplied to said Work-circuit.

11. In an electrical system, a generator of non-sinusoidal alternatingelectromotive forces, frequency converting apparatus hav ing input andoutput clrcuits, said input circuit being associated with saidgenerator, and a translating device operatively associated with saidgenerator and with said frequencyconverter output circuit.

12. In an electrical system, a generator of non-sinusoidal alternatingelectromotive forces, acircuit operatively associated with saidgenerator, frequency converting means having input and output circuits,said input circuit being operatively associated with saidfirst-mentioned circuit, and an outgoing circuit operatively associatedwith said first-mentioned circuit and with said output circuit.

15 In an electrical system, a generator of non-sinusoidal alternatingelectromotive forces, a tuned circuit operatively associ-' ated withsaid generator, frequency converting means having input and outputcircuits, said input circuit being operatively associated with saidtuned circuit, and an energy consuming circuit operatively asso ciatedwith said tuned circuit and with said output circuit, said energyconsuming circuit being tuned to the frequency of said output circuit.

14. In an electrical system, a generator of non-sinusoidal alternatingelectromotive forces, a pair of circuits operatively associated withsaid generator and absorbing energy at different frequencies, frequencyconverting means having input and output circuits, said input circuitbeing operatively associated with one of said pair of circuits and awork circuit operatively associated with the remaining circuit in saidpair and with said output circuit.

15. In an electrical system, a generator, a plurality of circuitsoperatively associated therewith and absorbing energy at dif ferentfrequencies, a work circuit operatii'ely associated with one of saidplurality of circuits, and frequency-changing means operativelyconnecting the remaining circuits in said plurality of circuits withsaid work circuit, whereby currents of common frequency may be suppliedto said work circuit.

16. In an electrical system, a generator, a plurality of tuned circuitsabsorbing energy therefrom at different frequencies, an outgoing circuitoperatively associated with one of said first-mentioned circuits andresonant to the frequency thereof, and frequencycl1a11gi11g meansoperatively connecting the remaining tuned circuits in said plurality ofcircuits with said outgoing circuit, whereby currents of commonfrequency may be supplied to said outgoing circuit by said plurality ofcircuits.

1?. In a wireless transmission system, the combination with anon-sinusoidal generator of radio-frequency currents, of a plurality oftuned circuits absorbing energy therefrom at different frequencies, aradiating circuit directly associated with one of said plurality ofcircuits and resonant to the frequency thereof and frequencychangingmeans for operatively associating the remaining circuits in saidplurality of circuits with said radiating circuit, whereby currents ofcommon frequency may be supplied to said radiating circuit by saidplurality of circuits.

18. In an electrical system, an are, means for causing said are tooscillate, frequency converting apparatus having input and outputcircuits, said input circuits being associated with said means, and aradiating circuit operatively associated with said means and with saidoutput circuits, whereby currents of common frequency may be supplied tosaid radiating circuit by said arc.

19. 111 an electrical system, an arc, means for causing said are toserve as a generator of oscillatory currents, said currents comprising afundamental and harmonics, a work circuit associated with said means andresonant to one of said harmonics, and means associated with saidfirst-mentioned means and said work circuit, whereby the energy incertain of said remaining harmonics or said fundamental may be utilizedby said work circuit.

20. In an electrical system, an arc, a tuned circuit including said are,whereby radio-frequency currents may be generated, said currentscomprising a fundamental and harmonics, a work circuit associated withsaid tuned circuit and absorbing energy therefrom at a frequencycorresponding to one of said harmonics, and frequency translating meansoperatively connecting said tuned circuit and said work circuit, wherebythe energy in said remaining harmonics and said fundamental may besupplied to said work circuit at a frequency resonant with said workcircuit.

21. In a wireless transmission system, an arc, a plurality of tunedcircuits associated therewith absorbing energy at diifer entfrequencies, said frequencies comprising a fundamental and harmonics, aradiating circuit associated with one of said circuits and resonant tothe frequency thereof, and frequency translating devices operativelyconnecting the remaining circuits and said radiating circuit, wherebythe energy in said remaining frequencies may be absorbed by saidradiating circuit.

In testimony wherof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 12th day ofMay JOHN V. L. HOGAN.

